What Is An Anxious Attachment Style?

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In this article, you’ll learn the signs of an anxious attachment style, how it affects adult relationships, and how you can develop a more secure attachment style.

In my previous post, What’s My Attachment Style and Why Does It Matter?, I gave you an overview of the four primary attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized) and how attachment styles become the blueprint for our adult romantic relationships.

Securely attached people tend to have happier, longer-lasting relationships built on trust. They feel comfortable expressing their feelings and needs. They can also reciprocate and meet their partners’ needs.

Those with an avoidant attachment style want more independence. Too much closeness feels vulnerable and suffocating to someone with an avoidant attachment. They tend to connect and then pull away when the relationship feels too intense. They probably don’t talk about (or even think about) their feelings very much. They need a lot of time to themselves and may have had a partner say they’re afraid of commitment.

In contrast, if you have an anxious attachment style, you tend to feel insecure and need frequent reassurances. This can feel overly needy to those with secure or avoidant attachment styles.

You crave close intimate connections. You may find ways to test or manipulate your partner to find out if s/he really loves you. Your need for closeness and intimacy never seems satisfied and you’re left wondering if your partner really wants to be with you.

Understanding anxious attachment

An anxious attachment results when your parents (or early caregivers) were inconsistent in meeting your needs. They didn’t always pay close attention to your physical or emotional needs and when they did respond they may have been distracted or preoccupied. You experienced your caregiver as inconsistent or untrustworthy.

As a young child, you craved attention and nurturing, but didn’t receive it. You may have been a clingy, insecure child. You continue to need a lot of intimacy as a way to quiet your fears. You question your worth and suspect there’s something wrong with you. As a result, you worry that you’ll be rejected.

Someone with an anxious attachment might think or feel:

I want to be close to you, but I’m not sure you want to be emotionally close to me.
I want to be with you or in contact with you all the time.
I don’t like to be alone.
I need constant reassurance of your love and commitment.
I feel anxious about whether our relationship will last.
I worry you’ll leave.
I question whether you love me as much as I love you.
I can’t tolerate uncertainty or ambiguity about our relationship.
I wonder if there’s something wrong with me that makes you pull away.
I’ve been told I’m “needy” or “high maintenance”.
My insecurity makes me jealous.
When I feel anxious about our relationship, I may frantically do things to get your attention and reassurance, such as texting you repeatedly, or obsessively think about us and how to fix our relationship or win you back.
Little things, like not answering the phone when I call, can make me anxious and question your love.

Why do people with anxious and avoidant attachment styles end up together?

According to the book Attached by Amir Levine and Rachel Heller, approximately 50% of adults are securely attached, 25% are avoidant, 20% are anxious, and the remaining 5% are a combination.

Securely attached individuals tend to couple with other securely attached people and form healthy, lasting relationships. This leaves people with anxious attachment styles and avoidant attachment styles over-represented in the dating pool.

At first glance, it seems like two anxiously attached individuals or two people with avoidant attachment styles would make good matches. However, when we look more closely at the unconscious motivations that drive our behavior, we see that these matches have some problems and that we’re much more likely to be attracted to someone with the opposite attachment style.

Two people with avoidant attachments are unlikely to form a lasting bond. Although people with avoidant attachments do want connection and relationships, they’re also quick to pull away, leave, or break off relationships at the slightest feeling of criticism or conflict.

Two avoidantly attached individuals might create a superficial bond with lots of physical and/or emotional space between them. And if two anxiously attached people were to date, they would both enjoy the closeness they crave, but may run into trouble due to their sensitivity to rejection and hurt.

The more common and troubled relationship is the one between someone with an avoidant attachment and someone with an anxious attachment. These relationships are fraught with turmoil and chaos.

The anxious person never gets his/her emotional needs met. S/he is always left wanting more closeness than an avoidantly attached person can give. And the avoidant is constantly overwhelmed by someone who’s anxious. As a result, s/he keeps pulling away which activates the anxious person’s fear of rejection and attention-seeking behaviors.

Consciously it makes no sense for someone with an anxious attachment and someone with an avoidant attachment to connect, but unconsciously this pattern keeps those strongly ingrained internal beliefs about ourselves intact. In other words, we recreate relationship dynamics similar to those we had with our parents because they’re familiar, reinforce our beliefs about ourselves, and we’re trying to get our needs met in the best ways we know how.

The anxious person feels unworthy (or flawed or unlovable) and an avoidant partner’s distance serves as proof of his/her unworthiness. And when the avoidant person dates someone who is anxious, it validates his/her belief that relationships are overwhelming, disappointing, and s/he is better off relying on him/herself.